Those crops that cannot stand a very wet soil for more than 12-24 hours should not be grown in basins. Some examples of the traditional system are pulley system, lever system, chain pump. For example, summer crops require a higher amount of water as compared to winter crops. Required fields are marked *. This method is much advisable in areas facing water scarcity. The sediments may clog the drip or sprinkler irrigation systems. Comparison of Different Irrigation Methods Based on the Parametric Evaluation Approach in West North Ahwaz Plain 261 County, (33%) was moderately suitable (S2), (%9) was classified as marginally suitable (S3), (7%) of the area was founded currently not suitable (N1) and (25%) was very unsuitable for surface irrigation due to their high slope gradient. Drip irrigation with saline water is one of the most effective methods to ease the current worldwide water shortage. In the drip system, water supply is done drop by drop exactly at roots using a hose or pipe. Short, level furrows - also called furrow basins - can, like basins, be constructed and maintained by hand. Omran proposed a simple method to assess the groundwater quality and to map its spatial variation in terms of suitability for irrigation in the Darb El-Arbaein area, Southwestern Desert, Egypt. However, it must be remembered that efficiency is just as much a function of the irrigator as the method used. Irrigation methods is the fifth in a series of training manuals on irrigation. One chapter is devoted to the choice of an appropriate irrigation method. In drip irrigation, water is applied near the plant root through emitters or drippers, on or below the soil surface , at a low rate varying from 2 – 20 litres per hour. The grading needs to be accurate. Applying in drops Irrigation methods I. Also Read: Traditional Methods of Irrigation. This a labour intensive and time-consuming system of irrigation. The type of technology affects the choice of irrigation method. But its efficiency is poor because of the uneven distribution of water. 4. Optimum irrigation management is an important factor in precise agriculture. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to the land at regular intervals by means of canals and other artificial methods, to enhance agricultural growth and maintain the landscape during the periods of less average rainfall. Furrow irrigation can be used on flat land (short, near horizontal furrows), and on mildly sloping land with a slope of maximum 0.5%. In general it can be stated that to operate the system, basin irrigation requires the least labour and the least skill. In this system, water is applied to each plant through a network of pipes under low pressure. LEC. Their operation and maintenance is simple (see Figure 66). 2.4 Crop-Water requirement calculation by Penman method and computer software (CROPWAT-8) 2.5 Principal crops, their seasons and water requirements 2.6 Method of applying water to irrigation field as surface, sub-surface and Sprinkler methods 2.7 Techniques of surface irrigation and their suitability Machine operation requires a high level of skill, organization and usually foreign currency. These costs should then be compared with the expected benefits (yields). The manual describes in some detail the basin and furrow irrigation methods. Surface, Sprinkler or Drip Irrigation. Standard water quality test needed for design and operation of drip irrigation system. For the operation of furrow and border irrigation systems more labour is required combined with more skill. Paddy rice is always grown in basins. Still, we have to depend on some outside sources to fulfil the water requirements of our body. If there is no tradition in irrigation, the most simple irrigation method to introduce is basin irrigation. have their advantages and disadvantages. Sub Surface Irrigation. Let us have a look at different types of irrigation and the methods used for irrigation. Thus the proper method is to be used for the best cultivation. Introducing a previously unknown method may lead to unexpected complications. Drip irrigation is suited to irrigating individual plants or trees or row crops such as vegetables and sugarcane. 1. To maintain the equipment a high level of 'know-how' has to be available,. Here, water is distributed across the land by gravity. The productivity on irrigated land is higher as compared to the un-irrigated land. To choose an irrigation method, the farmer must know the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods. Among these, the pump system is the most common and used widely. rice). and installation. 5. Natural conditions. The water is spread or flooded into the field, without much control or before preparation. A minimum slope of 0.05% is recommended to assist drainage. A sprinkler system, as its name suggests, sprinkles water over the crop and helps in an even distribution of water. Water is applied in the root zone of the crop. the prevailing local conditions - provides the best basis for a sound choice Strong wind can disturb the spraying of water from sprinklers. Irrigation water quality refers mainly to the chemical composition of the water, or more specifically, to the mineral composition of water. If the slope is more than 1%, terraces can be constructed. This method can also be used in regions where water availability is less. ), This means that if only little water is to be applied per application, e.g. When a variety of different soil types is found within one irrigation scheme, sprinkler or drip irrigation are recommended as they will ensure a more even water distribution. They therefore need frequent but small irrigation applications, in particular when the sandy soil is also shallow. Your email address will not be published. A statistical method will be used to identify the best locations to sample soil for the purpose of assessing the scale of the opportunity for irrigation across the regions. It was very useful for my seminar presentation. Also, we have published details of some of these irrigation methods. d. Previous experience with irrigation. They result from a combination of soil type and rooting depth. The suitability of the various irrigation methods, i.e. Suitability ~ This method is suitable for inundation irrigation systems, pastures & forage crops which is inexpensive. Numerous subclasses exist within each of these basic methods. Drip irrigation system Or trickle irrigation is one of the latest and modern methods of irrigation.It is suitable for water scarcity and salt affected soils. Factors to be taken into account include: Flat lands, with a slope of 0.1% or less, are best suited for basin irrigation: little land levelling will be required. Among all the irrigation methods, the drip irrigation is the most efficient and it can be practised in a large variety of crops, especially in vegetables, orchard crops, flowers and plantation crops. Water application efficiency (see Annex 4, step 8) is generally higher with sprinkler and drip irrigation than surface irrigation and so these methods are preferred when water is in short supply. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. Many other crops can also be grown in basins: e.g. several important criteria in the selection of a suitable irrigation method. Surface irrigation is preferred if the irrigation water contains much sediment. b. 7.1 Surface, Sprinkler or Drip Irrigation. The sizes of the furrows, borders and basins have been discussed in the previous chapters. Water is distributed through a system of pumping stations gates, ditches and canals by raising the water table. The suitability of the various irrigation methods, i.e. In general, drip and sprinkler irrigation are technically more complicated methods. Basin irrigation is the simplest of the surface irrigation methods. Nutrients may also be provided to the crops through irrigation. They are constructed and maintained by machines. on a clay soil and with a deep rooting crop, border or basin irrigation would be more appropriate. (In large-scale irrigation projects, the amounts of water applied may be much higher. on sandy soils and a shallow rooting crop, furrow irrigation would be most appropriate. The equipment needed is often easier to maintain and less dependent on the availability of foreign currency. Irrigation offers moisture required for growth and development, germination and other related functions. The last column indicates which irrigation method is most suitable. Again, it is not possible to give specific guidelines leading to a single best solution; each option has its advantages and disadvantages. Sprinkler and drip irrigation, because of their high capital investment per hectare, are mostly used for high value cash crops, such as vegetables and fruit trees. The approximate rooting depths of the most Important field crops are given in Volume 4. Unfortunately, in many cases there is no single best solution: all methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Factors affecting the suitability of an irrigation method. Also, a regular supply of fuel and spare parts must be maintained which - together with the purchase of equipment - may require foreign currency. Nutrients may also be provided to the crops through irrigation. Water is an essential element for survival. Irrigation increases the availability of water supply, which in turn increases the income of the farmers. Residual Sodium Carbonate (R.S.C.) ( 2014 ) proposed a model to assess and map irrigation water well suitability using geospatial analysis. Adhikary et al. Spraying it under pressure 2. The module also highlights the advantages and d isad vantages of the d ifferent irrigation system s, as well as their suitability based on physical constraints and cropping system . The increased number of alternative irrigation methods, drought and water shortages, increasing demand for food, concern for environmental protection, government involvement in the promotion of pressurized irrigation and private sector interest (the interest of suppliers of irrigation equipments to increase their income regardless of the consequences for farmers) have heightened … On loam or clay soils all three irrigation methods can be used, but surface irrigation is more commonly found. 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